{
  "schema": "bsahi.pool-infrastructure/1",
  "layer": "observed",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-21T23:08:58.992768+00:00",
  "source": "DNS resolution + TCP connect RTT of public pool stratum endpoints, geolocated with the offline ip2asn DB",
  "pools_probed": 9,
  "addresses_geolocated": 14,
  "fronted_by_cdn": 10,
  "verdict": "CDN-fronted: pool endpoint IPs are edge addresses, so this method CANNOT locate mining. Miner geography needs pool-held worker IPs (CBECI method) or on-chain exchange-flow inference.",
  "pools": [
    {
      "pool": "F2Pool",
      "hosts": {
        "btc.f2pool.com": {
          "resolved": [
            "172.65.196.131",
            "2606:4700:90:0:dfdc:ec63:837f:96af"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "172.65.196.131",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 10.9
            },
            {
              "ip": "2606:4700:90:0:dfdc:ec63:837f:96af",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 268.9
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "ViaBTC",
      "hosts": {
        "btc.viabtc.com": {
          "resolved": [
            "172.65.233.152",
            "::ffff:172.65.233.152"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "172.65.233.152",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 9.2
            },
            {
              "ip": "::ffff:172.65.233.152",
              "country": null,
              "asn": null,
              "org": null,
              "fronted_by_cdn": false,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 9.0
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "AntPool",
      "hosts": {
        "stratum.antpool.com": {
          "resolved": [
            "172.65.220.229",
            "2606:4700:90:0:d5d6:266f:5bd9:52e6"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "172.65.220.229",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 9.0
            },
            {
              "ip": "2606:4700:90:0:d5d6:266f:5bd9:52e6",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 269.1
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "Binance Pool",
      "hosts": {
        "stratum.binance.com": {
          "resolved": [
            "16.76.3.81",
            "13.112.235.215",
            "13.113.172.32",
            "::ffff:16.76.3.81",
            "::ffff:13.112.235.215",
            "::ffff:13.113.172.32"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "16.76.3.81",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "16509",
              "org": "AMAZON-02",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 443,
              "rtt_ms": 148.2
            },
            {
              "ip": "13.112.235.215",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "16509",
              "org": "AMAZON-02",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 443,
              "rtt_ms": 146.2
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "Braiins/Slush",
      "hosts": {
        "stratum.braiins.com": {
          "resolved": [
            "172.65.65.63",
            "::ffff:172.65.65.63"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "172.65.65.63",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 19.2
            },
            {
              "ip": "::ffff:172.65.65.63",
              "country": null,
              "asn": null,
              "org": null,
              "fronted_by_cdn": false,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 20.3
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "Foundry USA",
      "hosts": {
        "foundryusapool.com": {
          "resolved": [
            "104.18.13.119",
            "104.18.12.119",
            "2606:4700:9640:22f9:f1a8:bac:c78e:965e"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "104.18.13.119",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 443,
              "rtt_ms": 34.5
            },
            {
              "ip": "104.18.12.119",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "13335",
              "org": "CLOUDFLARENET",
              "fronted_by_cdn": true,
              "stratum_port_open": 443,
              "rtt_ms": 35.3
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "Luxor",
      "hosts": {
        "pool.luxor.tech": {
          "resolved": [],
          "addresses": []
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "OCEAN",
      "hosts": {
        "pool.ocean.xyz": {
          "resolved": [],
          "addresses": []
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "pool": "Kano",
      "hosts": {
        "jp.kano.is": {
          "resolved": [
            "167.179.108.82",
            "::ffff:167.179.108.82"
          ],
          "addresses": [
            {
              "ip": "167.179.108.82",
              "country": "US",
              "asn": "20473",
              "org": "AS-VULTR",
              "fronted_by_cdn": false,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 264.8
            },
            {
              "ip": "::ffff:167.179.108.82",
              "country": null,
              "asn": null,
              "org": null,
              "fronted_by_cdn": false,
              "stratum_port_open": 3333,
              "rtt_ms": 138.4
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "note": "Pool INFRASTRUCTURE only \u2014 never miners. Where fronted_by_cdn is true the country/ASN belong to the CDN, not the pool. Recorded to document why pool-IP geolocation is not a viable mining-geography method."
}